Sea Level Monitoring
TSU/MAB Coastal Hazards Project
UNESCO and the Pacific Community release a new report on the 2022 HUNGA TONGA – HUNGA HA’APAI Tsunami
Based on data collected by the Geological Service of Tonga, with the assistance of technical experts from New Zealand and the United States, the new report sheds light on the 15 January 2022 tsunami that followed the eruption of the Hunga Tonga and Hunga Ha’apai volcanoes in Tonga.
While tsunamis are mostly generated by earthquakes, over history 6% of tsunamis have been caused by volcanic eruptions. On 15 January 2022 Tonga’s Hunga Volcano erupted in a sudden and explosive way causing a large local tsunami that devastated villages and resorts along the western shore of Tongatapu and in the Ha’apai island group as well as a far-field tsunami that caused damage and deaths thousands of kilometers away.
To mark the first anniversary of the tsunami event, UNESCO and the The Pacific Community are releasing the much awaited Hunga Tonga – Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) Post-Tsunami Field Survey, compiling critical tsunami runup and inundation measurements, videos and photos, and field observations from the tsunami generated by the 15 January 2022 eruption of the Hunga Tonga and Hunga Ha’apai Volcanoes.
Under normal circumstances, UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC/UNESCO) facilitates International Tsunami Survey Teams (ITST) of international scientists to work with the impacted country to collect tsunami data within the first week or month following a significant tsunami such as 2009 Samoa, 2010 Chile, 2018 Indonesia.
In the case of Tonga in 2022, however, the immediate post-disaster needs of the community and COVID-19 travel restrictions to and within Tonga prevented International Tsunami Survey Teams to deploy and delayed the development of a comprehensive field survey.
The newly unveiled Survey sheds light on important aspects of the 2022 HUNGA TONGA – HUNGA HA’APAI Tsunami, such as:
Setting a Benchmark for the Development of Tsunami Standard Operating Procedures through CoastWAVE Project
IOC-UNESCO EU-DG ECHO CoastWAVE project partners held their first workshop on Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) in the region of Northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean and the connected seas (NEAM) on 5 October 2022. At the end of this workshop, participants were better equipped to advance the development of national SOPs for tsunamis in their respective country and in the implementation of IOC-UNESCO Tsunami Ready Recognized communities. The workshop was organized in partnership with the European Commission, Joint Research Center (EC-JRC) at the JRC, Ispra, Italy.
The Technical Secretary of ICG/NEAMTWS, Dr. Denis Chang Seng in the opening said “Several workshops and trainings have been carried out over the years by IOC-UNESCO and partners in the Pacific, Caribbean and Indian Ocean to support the development of tsunami SOP and that this workshop will set a benchmark for tsunami SOP development in NEAM region in the context of the CoastWAVE project by sharing experiences and lessons learned from ICG of Pacific, Indian and Caribbean Oceans”.
Bernardo Aliaga, Technical Secretary of ICG Pacific and Caribbean Tsunami Warning Systems (PTWC and CARIBE), Rick Bailey, Technical Secretary of Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System (IOTWS) and Denis Chang Seng, Technical Secretary of ICG/NEAMTWS shared information and practical exercises to the project participants on SOP development.
Dr. Derya Vennin, project coordinator and Assoc. Project Officer of IOC-UNESCO elaborated on the roles and responsibilities of actors across the end-to-end tsunami warning chain based on Manual and Guidelines of IOC. She underscored that “SOPs should be established at each stage and for each stakeholder along the end-to-end tsunami warning chain” and she also added:
“SOPs aim to achieve efficiency and high-quality performance during real events while reducing the risk of miscommunication, and non-compliance between stakeholders.”
13th Session of the Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System
The IOC-UNESCO Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System (ICG/IOTWMS) held its thirteenth session in Bali, Indonesia during 28 November to 1 December 2022. The meeting was hosted by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia through the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG).
Photo: In-person participants at the Thirteenth Session of the ICG/IOTWMS, Bali, Indonesia, 28 November – 1 December 2022.
The meeting was held in hybrid format (in-person and online) and was attended by 54 delegates from 17 Member States in the Indian Ocean region (Australia, Bangladesh, Comoros, France, India, Indonesia, Iran, Kenya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Oman, Pakistan, Seychelles, Sri Lanka and United Arab Emirates), 4 staff from United Nations agencies (including 3 from UNESCO and 1 from UNESCAP (United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific)),and 10 observers from 5 countries (Australia, Germany, Indonesia, Iran and Oman).
Makran Subduction Zone Science Strengthens Tsunami Warning and Preparedness in the North-West Indian Ocean
Five Member States of the IOC-UNESCO Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning & Mitigation System (IOTWMS) met in Abu Dhabi during 14-16 November 2022 to discuss the outcomes of the scientific activities supported by the UNESCAP funded project “Strengthening Tsunami Early Warning in the North-West Indian Ocean (NWIO) Through Regional Cooperation”.
Photo: Participants at the Workshop on Makran Subduction Zone Science Strengthening Tsunami Warning and Preparedness, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 14-16 November 2022.
The five countries included India, Iran, Pakistan, Oman, and United Arab Emirates (UAE). The workshop also included international experts from Germany, Italy and Norway. The meeting was hosted at the facilities of the National Centre of Meteorology, UAE, which made for an excellent environment for the participants to discuss and exchange ideas and thoughts on how an enhanced scientific understanding of the Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ) can strengthen tsunami warning and mitigation. Participants could observe how a state-of-the art, multi-hazard warning centre operates and services its stakeholders. Participants from around the world also joined online.
Indian Ocean region works towards Tsunami Readiness on the occasion of World Tsunami Awareness Day 2022
The Indian Ocean Tsunami Ready Hybrid Workshop was held in Bali, Indonesia during 22 to 26 November 2022 in commemoration of World Tsunami Awareness Day 2022.
Photo: School tsunami evacuation drill in Tanjung Banoa, Bali, Indonesia on 25 November 2022.
The Indian Ocean Tsunami Ready Hybrid Workshop was hosted by Indonesia’s Agency of Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics and organised by the Indian Ocean Tsunami Information Center and the ICG/IOTWMS Secretariat. Funding to support the workshop was provided by Government of Republic of Indonesia, Government of Australia, and UNESCAP. The workshop was attended by 8 representatives of 2 United Nations agencies and 270 participants (90 in-person and 180 online) from 29 countries including Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Iran, Kenya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritius, Mozambique, Myanmar, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor Leste, United Arab Emirates and the United States.
Assessing and Monitoring the Evolution of Sea Level Related Hazards Risk Perception in the NEAM region
The Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the North-eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and Connected Seas Tsunami Early Warning and Mitigation System (ICG/NEAMTWS), organized on 9 November, 2022 under Working Group 4 on Public Awareness, Preparedness and Mitigation a hybrid webinar on tsunami risk perception studies within the NEAM region. Recent studies were discussed such as the Centro Allerta Tsunami Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (CAT-INGV) Central and Southern Italy, the Assessment STrategy And Risk for Tsunami (ASTARTE) project funded by the European Union, and the ongoing IOC-UNESCO and EU-DG-ECHO “CoastWAVE” project sea level related hazards risk perception survey questionnaire. The aim of the webinar was to discuss on the state of knowledge on hazard risk perception in the region, one of the key objectives under pillar three on Awareness and Response of the new ICG/NEAMTWS 2030 Strategy, hazards and risk perceptions effect behaviors, decision making process, resilience and community preparedness. Surveys and studies will support the design of better education, awareness and communication strategies, as well as the implementation of UNESCO IOC Tsunami Ready Recognized communities.
Figure 1. Istanbul Tsunami Drill Exercise, 4 November 2022. Source: IOC-UNESCO
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- Eigth session of PTWS WG 2 on Tsunami Detection, Warning and Dissemination; Task Team Seismic Data Sharing in the Southwest Pacific
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